Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a glycoprotein secreted by placental
trophoblast cells. It is composed of α and β-glycoproteins. Human chorionic
gonadotropin (HCG)-α-β, which is synthesized in vivo. The α-subunit of the
glycoprotein hormone with molecular weight of 36700 is basically similar to the
FSH(follicle stimulating hormone), LH(luteinizing hormone) and TSH(thyroid
stimulating hormone) secreted by the pituitary gland, so they can cross-react
with each other, while the β-subunit is not similar in structure. The structure
of β-HCG is similar to that of β-LH, but the last 24 amino acid extensions are
not present in β-LH. In menopause, luteal function is extremely decreased and
luteal level is reduced. In order to ensure the luteal secretion level in the
body, the secretion of adenohypophysis is increased.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis.
It acts primarily on the gonads, leading to follicular maturation, and further
secretion of estrogen, ovulation, and luteal production and maintenance. The
clinical significance of luteinizing hormone (LH), mainly along with FSH, is to
investigate the cause of amenorrhea in women, and the cause of testicular
dysfunction in men. It can also identify the true nature of prepubescent
children, or the false precocity. A spike in luteinizing hormone (LH) during the
menstrual cycle that predicts ovulation. In addition, its elevated levels can be
seen in polycystic ovary syndrome, primary hypogonadism, menopause, etc. Blood
luteinizing hormone levels can also drop during long-term use of birth control
pills and hormone replacement therapy. In addition, human chorionic gonadotropin
can inhibit the stimulating effect of lectin on lymphocytes, and human chorionic
gonadotropin can be adsorbed on the surface of trophoblast cells to prevent the
embryonic trophoblast cells from being attacked by maternal lymphocytes. And LH
like function, before the fetal pituitary secretion of LH, stimulate fetal
testis secretion of testosterone to promote male sexual differentiation; Can
also promote gonadal development, to the male can stimulate the vitality of
testis mesenchymal cells, increase the secretion of male hormone (testosterone).
It is of great significance to the treatment of male patients with pituitary
combined defects, which can not only promote gonadal development and the
secretion of male hormones, but also promote the development of secondary sexual
characteristics.
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